| subiecta | obiecta | complementa | possessiva |
| faʻala | basic verb form | kataba
(yaktubu) 'write"; dakhala
(yadkhulu) 'enter'; darasa
(yadrusu) 'study"; qatala
(yaqtulu) "kill" ḥamala (yaḥmilu) 'carry'; qadara (yaqdiru) 'be able'; ʻarafa (yaʻrifu) 'know'; jalasa (yajlisu) 'sit' qaṭaʻa (yaqṭaʻu) 'cut'; qaraʼa (yaqraʼu) "read"; ẓahara (yaẓharu) 'seem'; baḥatha (yabḥathu) 'search' |
form 1 scribere, mactare, apprehendere |
| faʻila | often stative verbs (temporary conditions) | fahima
(yafhamu) 'understand'; rakiba
(yarkabu) 'ride'; shariba
(yashrabu) 'drink'; labisa
(yalbasu) 'wear'
ḥasiba (yaḥsibu) 'estimate'; wathiqa (yathiqu) 'trust' |
form 1mactire |
| faʻula | only with stative verbs (permanent conditions) | kabura (yakburu) 'grow big, grow old'; kathura (yakthuru) 'be many, be numerous'; baʻuda (yabʻudu) 'be distant (from)'; karuma (yakrumu) 'be/become noble' | form 1scribure |
| faʻʻala | causative and intensive; denominative; transitive of form 1. | kattaba 'make (someone) write (something)'; dakhkhala 'bring in (someone/something)'; darrasa 'teach'; qattala 'massacre'; ḥammala 'burden, impose'; ʻarrafa 'announce, inform'; qaṭṭaʻa "cut into pieces" | Form II saccaribere |
| fāʻala | the verbs in this form need an indirect object which is often "with" and sometimes "against". | kātaba 'write to, correspond with (someone)'; dākhala 'befall (someone)'; dārasa 'study with (someone)'; qātala 'fight'; jālasa 'sit with (someone), keep (someone) company'; qāṭaʻa 'disassociate (from), interrupt, cut off (someone)' | Form III saacaribere |
| afʻala | usually transitive and causative of form 1 (this form has not intensive meaning). | aktaba 'dictate'; adkhala 'bring in (someone), bring about (something)'; aqdara 'enable'; ajlasa 'seat'; aqṭaʻa 'make (someone) cut off (something), part company with, bestow as a fief' | Form IV ascaribere |
| tafaʻʻala | usually reflexive of Form II. | tadakhkhala 'interfere, disturb'; tadarrasa 'learn'; taḥammala 'endure, undergo'; taʻarrafa 'become acquainted (with someone), meet'; taqaṭṭaʻa 'be cut off, be disrupted, be intermittent' | Form V tasaccaribere |
| tafāʻala | reciprocal of Form III; and even "pretend to X" | takātaba 'correspond with each other'; tadākhala 'meddle, butt in'; tadārasa 'study carefully with each other'; taqātala 'fight with one another'; taḥāmala 'maltreat, be biased (against)'; taʻarrafa 'become mutually acquainted, come to know (something)'; taqāṭaʻa 'part company, break off mutual relations, intersect (of roads)' | Form VI tasaacaribere |
| infaʻala | anticausative verb of Form I; | inkataba 'subscribe'; inqaṭaʻa 'be cut off, cease, suspend' | Form VII insacaribere |
| iftaʻala | reflexive of Form I; often some unpredictable variation in meaning | iktataba 'copy (something), be recorded'; iqtatala 'fight (with)'; iḥtamala 'carry away, endure, allow'; iqtadara 'be able'; iʻtarafa 'confess, recognize'; ; iqtaṭaʻa 'take a part (of something), tear out/off, deduct' | Form VIII istacaribere |
| ifʻalla | stative verb ("be X", "become X"), specially for colors (e.g. "red", "blue") and physical defects. | iḥmarra 'turn red, blush'; iswadda 'be/become black'; iṣfarra 'turn yellow, become pale'; iḥwalla 'be cross-eyed, squint' | Form IX ifscarribere |
| istafʻala | "ask to X"; "want to X"; "consider (someone) to be X"; causative, and sometimes autocausative verb; often some unpredictable variation in meaning | istaktaba 'ask (someone) to write (something)'; istaqtala 'risk one's life'; istaqdara 'ask (God) for strength or ability'; istaʻrafa 'discern, recognize'; istaqṭaʻa 'request as a fief' | Form X istascaribere |
| ifʻālla | rare except in poetry; same meaning as Form IX | iḥmārra "turn red, blush"; iṣhābba 'be/become reddish-brown'; ilhājja 'curdle' | Form XI iscaaribere |
| ifʻawʻala | very rare, with specialized meanings; often stative | iḥdawdaba 'be convex, be hunchbacked'; ighdawdana 'grow long and luxuriantly (of hair)'; iḥlawlaka 'be pitch-black'; ikhshawshana 'be rough/crude, lead a rough life' | Form XII iscaucaribere |
| ifʻawwala | very rare, with specialized meanings; often stative | ijlawwadha 'gallop'; iʻlawwaṭa 'hang on the neck of (a camel)' | Form XIII iscauvaribere |
| ifʻanlala | very rare, with specialized meanings; often stative | iqʻansasa 'have a protruding chest and hollow back, be pigeon-breasted'; iqʻandada 'reside'; isḥankaka 'become very dark' | Form XIV iscanraribere |
| ifʻanlā | very rare, with specialized meanings; often stative | iḥranbā 'become very furious'; ighrandā 'curse and hit (someone)' | Form XV iscanriibere |
| faʻlaqa | basic form, often transitive or denominative; similar to Form II, but verbal noun is different; reduplicated roots of the form faʻfaʻa are common, sometimes faʻfala is also seen | daḥraja 'roll (something)'; tarjama 'translate, interpret'; handasa 'sketch, make a plan'; bayṭara 'practice veterinary surgery' (< 'veter(inary)'); zalzala 'shake (something), frighten'; waswasa 'whisper'; gharghara "gargle" | Form Iq sacracibere |
| tafaʻlaqa | reflexive of Form Iq; frequentative intransitive denominative; similar to Form V | tadaḥraja 'roll' (intrans.)'; tazalzala 'shake (intrans.), tremble'; tafalsafa 'philosophize' (< faylasūf- 'philosopher'); tamadhhaba 'follow a sect' (< madhhab- 'sect' < dhahaba 'go'); taqahqara 'be driven back' | Form IIq tasacracibere |
| ifʻanlaqa | rare | ikhranṭama 'be proud' (cf. al-Kharṭūm- 'Khartoum') | Form IIIq iscanracibere |
| ifʻalaqqa | usually intransitive; somewhat rare | ṭmaʼanna 'be tranquil, calm'; iḍmaḥalla 'fade away, dwindle'; iqshaʻarra 'shudder with horror' | Form IVq iscaraccibere |
Thursday, March 10, 2016
verbalia augmentationes
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment